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住房城鄉建設部關于推進建筑業發展和改革的若干意見

2014-07-09 09:20:36

各省、自(zi)治(zhi)區住房(fang)城鄉建設(she)(she)廳，直轄市建委（建設(she)(she)交通委），新疆生產(chan)建設(she)(she)兵團建設(she)(she)局：


　　為深入貫徹(che)落實黨的十八大和(he)十八屆三中全(quan)會(hui)精神，推進建(jian)筑業發展和(he)改革，保障工程質量安全(quan)，提升(sheng)工程建(jian)設水平，針對當前建(jian)筑市場和(he)工程建(jian)設管理中存在的突出問題，提出如下意見：


　　一、指導思想和發展目標


　　（一）指(zhi)導思想(xiang)。以鄧小平(ping)理論、“三(san)個代表”重要思想(xiang)、科學發展觀為指(zhi)導，加快完善現代市場(chang)體系，充分發揮市場(chang)在(zai)資源配置中的決定性作用和(he)更好發揮政府(fu)作用，緊(jin)緊(jin)圍(wei)繞正確處理好政府(fu)和(he)市場(chang)關系的核心，切實轉變政府(fu)職能，全面(mian)深(shen)化(hua)建筑業體制機制改革。


　　（二）發展目(mu)標(biao)。簡政(zheng)放(fang)權，開(kai)放(fang)市場(chang)，堅(jian)持(chi)放(fang)管(guan)并重，消除市場(chang)壁壘，構建(jian)(jian)統一開(kai)放(fang)、競爭有(you)序(xu)、誠(cheng)信守法、監管(guan)有(you)力的(de)全(quan)國建(jian)(jian)筑市場(chang)體系；創新和改進(jin)政(zheng)府對(dui)建(jian)(jian)筑市場(chang)、質(zhi)量安(an)全(quan)的(de)監督管(guan)理機制，加(jia)強事(shi)中事(shi)后監管(guan)，強化市場(chang)和現(xian)場(chang)聯動，落實各(ge)方主(zhu)體責任，確保(bao)工程質(zhi)量安(an)全(quan)；轉變建(jian)(jian)筑業(ye)發展方式，推(tui)進(jin)建(jian)(jian)筑產(chan)業(ye)現(xian)代化，促進(jin)建(jian)(jian)筑業(ye)健(jian)康協調(diao)可持(chi)續(xu)發展。


　　二(er)、建(jian)立統一開放(fang)的建(jian)筑(zhu)市場體系(xi)


　　（三）進一步開放建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)。各(ge)地(di)(di)要嚴(yan)格(ge)執行(xing)國(guo)家(jia)相(xiang)關(guan)法(fa)律法(fa)規(gui)，廢除不(bu)(bu)利于(yu)全(quan)國(guo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)統一開放、妨(fang)礙(ai)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)公平競(jing)爭的(de)各(ge)種規(gui)定和做法(fa)。全(quan)面清理涉(she)及(ji)工程建(jian)(jian)(jian)設企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)各(ge)類保證(zheng)金、押金等(deng)，對(dui)于(yu)沒(mei)有法(fa)律法(fa)規(gui)依據的(de)一律取消。積極(ji)推行(xing)銀(yin)行(xing)保函和誠信擔保。規(gui)范備(bei)案管理，不(bu)(bu)得設置任何排(pai)斥(chi)、限制外(wai)(wai)地(di)(di)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)進入(ru)本地(di)(di)區的(de)準入(ru)條(tiao)件，不(bu)(bu)得強(qiang)(qiang)制外(wai)(wai)地(di)(di)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)參加(jia)培(pei)訓(xun)或(huo)在當(dang)地(di)(di)成(cheng)立子公司等(deng)。各(ge)地(di)(di)有關(guan)跨省承攬(lan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)的(de)具體管理要求，應當(dang)向社會公開。各(ge)地(di)(di)要加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)外(wai)(wai)地(di)(di)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)準入(ru)后的(de)監督管理，建(jian)(jian)(jian)立跨省承攬(lan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)務(wu)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)違(wei)法(fa)違(wei)規(gui)行(xing)為處理督辦(ban)、協調機制，嚴(yan)厲查處圍標串標、轉包、掛(gua)靠、違(wei)法(fa)分包等(deng)違(wei)法(fa)違(wei)規(gui)行(xing)為及(ji)質量(liang)安全(quan)事故，對(dui)于(yu)情節嚴(yan)重(zhong)的(de)，予以清出本地(di)(di)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)，并在全(quan)國(guo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)監管與誠信信息(xi)發布(bu)平臺曝光。


　　（四(si)）推進(jin)行政(zheng)審(shen)(shen)批(pi)制度(du)改革(ge)。堅持淡(dan)化工(gong)(gong)程建設企業(ye)(ye)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)質(zhi)、強化個人執業(ye)(ye)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)格的(de)(de)改革(ge)方(fang)向，探索從主要依靠資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)質(zhi)管理(li)(li)等行政(zheng)手段實(shi)施市(shi)(shi)場準(zhun)入，逐步轉變為充分發揮社會信用(yong)、工(gong)(gong)程擔(dan)保、保險等市(shi)(shi)場機制的(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)，實(shi)現市(shi)(shi)場優勝劣(lie)汰。加(jia)快研究修訂工(gong)(gong)程建設企業(ye)(ye)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)質(zhi)標(biao)準(zhun)和管理(li)(li)規定，取消部分資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)質(zhi)類別設置(zhi)，合并業(ye)(ye)務范圍相近的(de)(de)企業(ye)(ye)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)質(zhi)，合理(li)(li)設置(zhi)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)質(zhi)標(biao)準(zhun)條件，注重對(dui)企業(ye)(ye)、人員信用(yong)狀(zhuang)況(kuang)、質(zhi)量安(an)全等指標(biao)的(de)(de)考核，強化資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)質(zhi)審(shen)(shen)批(pi)后的(de)(de)動(dong)態監管；簡政(zheng)放權(quan)，推進(jin)審(shen)(shen)批(pi)權(quan)限(xian)下放，健全完善工(gong)(gong)程建設企業(ye)(ye)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)質(zhi)和個人執業(ye)(ye)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)格審(shen)(shen)查制度(du)；改進(jin)審(shen)(shen)批(pi)方(fang)式，推進(jin)電子化審(shen)(shen)查，加(jia)大公開公示力度(du)。


　　（五）改革(ge)招(zhao)(zhao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)投標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)監(jian)(jian)管方式。調整非國有(you)(you)資(zi)金投資(zi)項(xiang)目(mu)發(fa)包(bao)方式，試(shi)行非國有(you)(you)資(zi)金投資(zi)項(xiang)目(mu)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)單(dan)位(wei)自主決定是(shi)否(fou)進行招(zhao)(zhao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)發(fa)包(bao)，是(shi)否(fou)進入有(you)(you)形市場開展(zhan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)交易活動(dong)，并由建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)單(dan)位(wei)對選擇的(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)計、施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)等(deng)單(dan)位(wei)承擔相(xiang)應(ying)的(de)(de)責任。建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)單(dan)位(wei)應(ying)當依(yi)法(fa)將工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)發(fa)包(bao)給具(ju)有(you)(you)相(xiang)應(ying)資(zi)質的(de)(de)承包(bao)單(dan)位(wei)，依(yi)法(fa)辦理施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)許(xu)可、質量(liang)安全監(jian)(jian)督等(deng)手(shou)續，確保工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)實施活動(dong)規范(fan)有(you)(you)序。各(ge)地(di)要(yao)重點加強國有(you)(you)資(zi)金投資(zi)項(xiang)目(mu)招(zhao)(zhao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)投標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)監(jian)(jian)管，嚴(yan)格控制(zhi)招(zhao)(zhao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)人設(she)(she)(she)置(zhi)明顯高于招(zhao)(zhao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)項(xiang)目(mu)實際需要(yao)和脫離市場實際的(de)(de)不合理條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)，嚴(yan)禁以各(ge)種(zhong)形式排(pai)斥或(huo)限制(zhi)潛在投標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)人投標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)。要(yao)加快推進電子招(zhao)(zhao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)投標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)，進一(yi)步完善專家評標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)制(zhi)度，加大(da)社會(hui)監(jian)(jian)督力度，健全中標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)候(hou)選人公(gong)示(shi)制(zhi)度，促(cu)進招(zhao)(zhao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)投標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)活動(dong)公(gong)開透明。鼓勵有(you)(you)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)地(di)區探索(suo)開展(zhan)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)后評估。勘察(cha)、設(she)(she)(she)計、監(jian)(jian)理等(deng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)服務的(de)(de)招(zhao)(zhao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)，不得以費(fei)用作為唯一(yi)的(de)(de)中標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)。


　　（六）推(tui)進(jin)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場監(jian)(jian)管(guan)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息化(hua)與誠信(xin)(xin)(xin)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設。加(jia)快推(tui)進(jin)全(quan)(quan)國(guo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設企業、注(zhu)冊(ce)人員、工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項目數據庫建(jian)(jian)(jian)設，印發全(quan)(quan)國(guo)統(tong)一的(de)數據標(biao)準和(he)管(guan)理辦法。各(ge)省級住(zhu)房城(cheng)鄉(xiang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設主(zhu)管(guan)部(bu)門要建(jian)(jian)(jian)立建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場和(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質量(liang)安全(quan)(quan)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)一體(ti)(ti)化(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)平臺，動態記錄工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項目各(ge)方主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場和(he)現(xian)場行(xing)為，有效(xiao)實(shi)現(xian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場和(he)現(xian)場的(de)兩場聯(lian)動。各(ge)級住(zhu)房城(cheng)鄉(xiang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設主(zhu)管(guan)部(bu)門要進(jin)一步(bu)加(jia)大信(xin)(xin)(xin)息的(de)公(gong)開力度，通過(guo)全(quan)(quan)國(guo)統(tong)一信(xin)(xin)(xin)息平臺發布建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場和(he)質量(liang)安全(quan)(quan)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息，及時向社會(hui)公(gong)布行(xing)政審批、工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)、執(zhi)法處罰等信(xin)(xin)(xin)息，公(gong)開曝光各(ge)類市(shi)(shi)(shi)場主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)和(he)人員的(de)不良行(xing)為信(xin)(xin)(xin)息，形成有效(xiao)的(de)社會(hui)監(jian)(jian)督機(ji)制。各(ge)地(di)可(ke)結合本地(di)實(shi)際，制定完(wan)善相關法規制度，探索開展工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設企業和(he)從業人員的(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場和(he)質量(liang)安全(quan)(quan)行(xing)為評價(jia)辦法，逐(zhu)步(bu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)立“守信(xin)(xin)(xin)激勵、失信(xin)(xin)(xin)懲戒(jie)”的(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場信(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)環境。鼓勵有條件(jian)的(de)地(di)區研究、試行(xing)開展社會(hui)信(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)評價(jia)，引導(dao)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設單位等市(shi)(shi)(shi)場各(ge)方主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)通過(guo)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場化(hua)運(yun)作(zuo)綜(zong)合運(yun)用(yong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)評價(jia)結果。


　　（七(qi)）進(jin)一步(bu)完善工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)監理(li)(li)(li)制(zhi)度。分(fen)類(lei)指導不(bu)同投資類(lei)型工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項目(mu)監理(li)(li)(li)服務(wu)模(mo)式(shi)發展(zhan)。調(diao)整強制(zhi)監理(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)范圍，選擇(ze)(ze)部分(fen)地(di)區(qu)開展(zhan)試點，研究制(zhi)定有能力的建設單位自主決策選擇(ze)(ze)監理(li)(li)(li)或其(qi)它(ta)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)模(mo)式(shi)的政策措施。具有監理(li)(li)(li)資質的工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)咨(zi)詢服務(wu)機構(gou)開展(zhan)項目(mu)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)的工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項目(mu)，可不(bu)再委托監理(li)(li)(li)。推動(dong)一批有能力的監理(li)(li)(li)企業(ye)做優做強。


　　（八）強化建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)行為(wei)監(jian)管。全面落實建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)項目(mu)法(fa)(fa)人責任(ren)制(zhi)，強化建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)責任(ren)。建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)違(wei)(wei)反(fan)工(gong)程(cheng)招標(biao)投(tou)標(biao)、施工(gong)圖審(shen)查、施工(gong)許可、質(zhi)量(liang)安全監(jian)督及工(gong)程(cheng)竣(jun)工(gong)驗收(shou)等基本建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)程(cheng)序，不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)指定分包(bao)和(he)肢解(jie)發(fa)包(bao)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)與(yu)承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)簽訂(ding)“陰陽合同”、任(ren)意壓縮合理(li)工(gong)期(qi)和(he)工(gong)程(cheng)造價，不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)以任(ren)何形式要(yao)求設(she)(she)計(ji)、施工(gong)、監(jian)理(li)及其他技術咨詢單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)違(wei)(wei)反(fan)工(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)強制(zhi)性標(biao)準，不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)拖欠工(gong)程(cheng)款。政(zheng)府投(tou)資(zi)工(gong)程(cheng)一律不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)采取(qu)帶(dai)(dai)資(zi)承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)方式進(jin)(jin)行建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)將(jiang)帶(dai)(dai)資(zi)承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)作為(wei)招標(biao)投(tou)標(biao)的(de)(de)條(tiao)件。積(ji)極探索研(yan)究對(dui)(dui)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)違(wei)(wei)法(fa)(fa)行為(wei)的(de)(de)制(zhi)約(yue)和(he)處罰措施。各(ge)地要(yao)進(jin)(jin)一步加強對(dui)(dui)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)市場行為(wei)和(he)質(zhi)量(liang)安全行為(wei)的(de)(de)監(jian)督管理(li)，依(yi)法(fa)(fa)加大對(dui)(dui)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)違(wei)(wei)法(fa)(fa)違(wei)(wei)規行為(wei)的(de)(de)處罰力度，并(bing)將(jiang)其不(bu)(bu)(bu)良行為(wei)在(zai)全國建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑市場監(jian)管與(yu)誠信(xin)信(xin)息發(fa)布平臺曝光。


　　（九）建立與市場(chang)(chang)經(jing)濟相適(shi)(shi)應的(de)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)價(jia)體系。逐步統一各行(xing)業(ye)、各地(di)區的(de)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)計價(jia)規則，服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)建筑市場(chang)(chang)。健(jian)全工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量清單和定(ding)額體系，滿(man)足建設工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)全過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)不同設計深度(du)、不同復(fu)雜程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度(du)、多種承包方式(shi)(shi)的(de)計價(jia)需要。全面推行(xing)清單計價(jia)制(zhi)度(du)，建立與市場(chang)(chang)相適(shi)(shi)應的(de)定(ding)額管理(li)機制(zhi)，構建多元(yuan)化(hua)的(de)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)價(jia)信(xin)息服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)方式(shi)(shi)，清理(li)調整與市場(chang)(chang)不符的(de)各類計價(jia)依據(ju)，充分發揮造(zao)(zao)價(jia)咨詢企業(ye)等(deng)第三方專業(ye)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)作用，為市場(chang)(chang)決定(ding)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)價(jia)提供保障。建立國家工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)價(jia)數(shu)據(ju)庫，發布指標(biao)指數(shu)，提升造(zao)(zao)價(jia)信(xin)息服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。推行(xing)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)價(jia)全過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)咨詢服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，強化(hua)國有(you)投資工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)(zao)價(jia)監管。  


　　三(san)、強化工程(cheng)質量安(an)全(quan)管理


　　（十(shi)）加強(qiang)勘(kan)察設計質量(liang)監(jian)管(guan)。進一步落(luo)實和強(qiang)化(hua)施工(gong)圖設計文件審查制度(du)(du)，推(tui)動勘(kan)察設計企業強(qiang)化(hua)內部質量(liang)管(guan)控能力。健全(quan)勘(kan)察項目負(fu)責(ze)人對勘(kan)察全(quan)過程(cheng)成果質量(liang)負(fu)責(ze)制度(du)(du)。推(tui)行(xing)勘(kan)察現場作業人員持證(zheng)上崗制度(du)(du)。推(tui)動采用(yong)信息化(hua)手段加強(qiang)勘(kan)察質量(liang)管(guan)理。研究建立重大(da)設計變(bian)更管(guan)理制度(du)(du)。推(tui)行(xing)建筑(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)設計使用(yong)年(nian)限告知制度(du)(du)。推(tui)行(xing)工(gong)程(cheng)設計責(ze)任保險制度(du)(du)。


　　（十一(yi)）落(luo)實(shi)各方(fang)主(zhu)體的工(gong)(gong)程質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)。完善(shan)工(gong)(gong)程質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)終身責(ze)(ze)任(ren)制(zhi)，落(luo)實(shi)參建各方(fang)主(zhu)體責(ze)(ze)任(ren)。落(luo)實(shi)工(gong)(gong)程質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)抽查(cha)巡查(cha)制(zhi)度(du)，推進實(shi)施分類監(jian)(jian)管和差(cha)別(bie)化(hua)監(jian)(jian)管。完善(shan)工(gong)(gong)程質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)事(shi)故質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)問(wen)題查(cha)處通(tong)報制(zhi)度(du)，強化(hua)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)追究(jiu)和處罰。健全工(gong)(gong)程質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)激勵(li)機制(zhi)，營造“優(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)優(you)(you)價”市場(chang)環(huan)境(jing)。規范工(gong)(gong)程質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)保(bao)證金(jin)管理(li)，積(ji)極(ji)探(tan)索試行(xing)工(gong)(gong)程質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)保(bao)險(xian)制(zhi)度(du)，對(dui)已(yi)實(shi)行(xing)工(gong)(gong)程質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)保(bao)險(xian)的工(gong)(gong)程，不再預留質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)保(bao)證金(jin)。


　　（十(shi)二）完善工(gong)程(cheng)質量檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)制度(du)。落實工(gong)程(cheng)質量檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)責(ze)任(ren)，提高施工(gong)企業質量檢(jian)驗(yan)能(neng)力(li)。整頓規范工(gong)程(cheng)質量檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)市場，加強檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)過程(cheng)和檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)行(xing)為(wei)監管，加大對虛假報告等違法違規行(xing)為(wei)處罰力(li)度(du)。建立健全(quan)政府對工(gong)程(cheng)質量監督(du)抽測(ce)(ce)制度(du)，鼓(gu)勵(li)各地采取政府購買服(fu)務等方式加強監督(du)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)。


　　（十(shi)三）推(tui)進質(zhi)量(liang)安(an)全(quan)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設。深(shen)入(ru)推(tui)進項(xiang)(xiang)目經理(li)責任制(zhi)(zhi)，不斷(duan)提升項(xiang)(xiang)目質(zhi)量(liang)安(an)全(quan)水平。開展工程質(zhi)量(liang)管理(li)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)活動，推(tui)行質(zhi)量(liang)行為標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)和實(shi)體(ti)(ti)質(zhi)量(liang)控制(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)。推(tui)動企(qi)業(ye)完善質(zhi)量(liang)保證體(ti)(ti)系，加強對工程項(xiang)(xiang)目的(de)質(zhi)量(liang)管理(li)，落實(shi)質(zhi)量(liang)員等施工現場專(zhuan)業(ye)人員職(zhi)責，強化(hua)(hua)過程質(zhi)量(liang)控制(zhi)(zhi)。深(shen)入(ru)開展住(zhu)宅工程質(zhi)量(liang)常見問(wen)題專(zhuan)項(xiang)(xiang)治(zhi)理(li)，全(quan)面(mian)推(tui)行樣板引路(lu)制(zhi)(zhi)度。全(quan)面(mian)推(tui)進建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)施工安(an)全(quan)生產(chan)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設，落實(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)施工安(an)全(quan)生產(chan)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)考評制(zhi)(zhi)度，項(xiang)(xiang)目安(an)全(quan)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)考評結(jie)果作為企(qi)業(ye)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)考評的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)依據。


　　（十(shi)四）推動建筑施工(gong)安(an)(an)全(quan)專項(xiang)(xiang)治(zhi)理。研究(jiu)探索(suo)建筑起重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)和模(mo)板支(zhi)(zhi)架租賃、安(an)(an)裝（搭設）、使(shi)用、拆除、維護(hu)保養一體(ti)化(hua)管理模(mo)式，提升起重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)、模(mo)板支(zhi)(zhi)架專業(ye)(ye)化(hua)管理水(shui)平。規范起重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)安(an)(an)裝拆卸工(gong)、架子工(gong)等特種作業(ye)(ye)人員安(an)(an)全(quan)考核(he)，提高從(cong)業(ye)(ye)人員安(an)(an)全(quan)操作技能。持續開展建筑起重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)、模(mo)板支(zhi)(zhi)架安(an)(an)全(quan)專項(xiang)(xiang)治(zhi)理，有效遏(e)制群死群傷(shang)事故發(fa)生。


　　（十五）強化(hua)施工(gong)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)監督。完善企(qi)業(ye)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)許可制(zhi)度(du)，以企(qi)業(ye)承(cheng)建(jian)(jian)項目安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)理狀況為安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)許可延期審查重(zhong)點，加強企(qi)業(ye)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)許可的動(dong)(dong)態管(guan)理。鼓(gu)勵(li)地方探(tan)索實施企(qi)業(ye)和(he)人員安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)動(dong)(dong)態扣分制(zhi)度(du)。完善企(qi)業(ye)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)費(fei)用(yong)(yong)保障(zhang)機(ji)制(zhi)，在招標時將安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)費(fei)用(yong)(yong)單(dan)列，不得競價(jia)，保障(zhang)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)投入，規范安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)費(fei)用(yong)(yong)的提(ti)取(qu)、使用(yong)(yong)和(he)管(guan)理。加強企(qi)業(ye)對作業(ye)人員安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)意識和(he)技能培訓，提(ti)高施工(gong)現場安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管(guan)理水平。加大安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)隱患(huan)排查力度(du)，依法處(chu)罰事(shi)故(gu)責(ze)任單(dan)位和(he)責(ze)任人員。完善建(jian)(jian)筑施工(gong)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)監督制(zhi)度(du)和(he)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)監管(guan)績效(xiao)考核機(ji)制(zhi)。支持監管(guan)力量不足的地區探(tan)索以政府(fu)購買服務(wu)方式，委(wei)托具備能力的專業(ye)社會機(ji)構作為安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)監督機(ji)構輔助力量。建(jian)(jian)立城市軌道(dao)交通等重(zhong)大工(gong)程安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)風(feng)險(xian)管(guan)理制(zhi)度(du)，推動(dong)(dong)建(jian)(jian)設(she)單(dan)位對重(zhong)大工(gong)程實行全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)過程安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)風(feng)險(xian)管(guan)理，落實風(feng)險(xian)防(fang)控(kong)投入。鼓(gu)勵(li)建(jian)(jian)設(she)單(dan)位聘(pin)用(yong)(yong)專業(ye)化(hua)社會機(ji)構提(ti)供(gong)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)風(feng)險(xian)管(guan)理咨(zi)詢服務(wu)。


　　四、促(cu)進建筑(zhu)業發(fa)展方式轉變


　　（十六）推動建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)產(chan)(chan)業現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)。統(tong)籌(chou)規劃建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)產(chan)(chan)業現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)發展(zhan)目(mu)(mu)標和路徑。推動建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)產(chan)(chan)業現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)結構體系(xi)、建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)設(she)計、部(bu)品構件配件生產(chan)(chan)、施工、主體裝修集成等方面(mian)的關鍵(jian)技術研(yan)究與應(ying)用(yong)。制(zhi)定(ding)完善有(you)關設(she)計、施工和驗(yan)收標準(zhun)(zhun)，組(zu)織編制(zhi)相應(ying)標準(zhun)(zhun)設(she)計圖集，指導(dao)建(jian)立(li)標準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)(hua)部(bu)品構件體系(xi)。建(jian)立(li)適(shi)應(ying)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)產(chan)(chan)業現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)發展(zhan)的工程(cheng)質量安全監管制(zhi)度(du)。鼓勵(li)各地(di)制(zhi)定(ding)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)產(chan)(chan)業現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)發展(zhan)規劃以及財政、金融、稅收、土地(di)等方面(mian)激(ji)勵(li)政策，培(pei)育建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)產(chan)(chan)業現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)龍頭企業，鼓勵(li)建(jian)設(she)、勘(kan)察、設(she)計、施工、構件生產(chan)(chan)和科(ke)研(yan)等單位(wei)建(jian)立(li)產(chan)(chan)業聯盟。進(jin)一步發揮政府投資(zi)項目(mu)(mu)的試點示(shi)范引導(dao)作用(yong)并(bing)適(shi)時擴大(da)試點范圍，積(ji)極穩妥(tuo)推進(jin)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)產(chan)(chan)業現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)。


　　（十七(qi)）構建(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)(you)利(li)(li)于形(xing)成建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)產業(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)隊伍的(de)(de)長效機制。建(jian)(jian)(jian)立以市(shi)場(chang)為導(dao)向、以關(guan)鍵(jian)崗位自有(you)(you)(you)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)為骨(gu)干、勞(lao)(lao)務(wu)(wu)分包為主要用(yong)(yong)(yong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)來源(yuan)、勞(lao)(lao)務(wu)(wu)派遣為臨時用(yong)(yong)(yong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)補充(chong)的(de)(de)多(duo)元化建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方式。施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)總承(cheng)包企業(ye)(ye)和專業(ye)(ye)承(cheng)包企業(ye)(ye)要擁(yong)有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)定數量的(de)(de)技(ji)術骨(gu)干工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，鼓勵施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)總承(cheng)包企業(ye)(ye)擁(yong)有(you)(you)(you)獨資或控(kong)股的(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)勞(lao)(lao)務(wu)(wu)企業(ye)(ye)。充(chong)分利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)各(ge)類職業(ye)(ye)培(pei)(pei)訓資源(yuan)，建(jian)(jian)(jian)立多(duo)層(ceng)次的(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)務(wu)(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員培(pei)(pei)訓體系(xi)。大力推(tui)進(jin)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)勞(lao)(lao)務(wu)(wu)基地化建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)，堅持“先(xian)培(pei)(pei)訓后輸出(chu)、先(xian)持證后上(shang)(shang)崗”的(de)(de)原則。進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)(bu)落實持證上(shang)(shang)崗制度(du)，從事關(guan)鍵(jian)技(ji)術工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)種的(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)務(wu)(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員，應取得相應證書后方可上(shang)(shang)崗作業(ye)(ye)。落實企業(ye)(ye)責任，保障(zhang)勞(lao)(lao)務(wu)(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員的(de)(de)合法權益。推(tui)行建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)勞(lao)(lao)務(wu)(wu)實名制管理，逐步(bu)(bu)實現(xian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)勞(lao)(lao)務(wu)(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員信息(xi)化管理。


　　（十八）提(ti)升建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)水(shui)平。堅(jian)持以人(ren)(ren)為(wei)本、安全集約、生態(tai)環保、傳(chuan)承創(chuang)新的(de)理念，樹立文(wen)化自(zi)信(xin)，鼓(gu)勵(li)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)創(chuang)作。樹立設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)企業(ye)是創(chuang)新主(zhu)體(ti)的(de)意識(shi)，提(ti)倡精品設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。鼓(gu)勵(li)開(kai)展城市(shi)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)工作，加強(qiang)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)與(yu)城市(shi)規劃間(jian)的(de)銜接(jie)。探索放開(kai)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工程方(fang)案(an)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)資質準入限制，鼓(gu)勵(li)相關專業(ye)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)和(he)機(ji)構積極參(can)與(yu)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)方(fang)案(an)競選。完善建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)方(fang)案(an)競選制度(du)，建(jian)立完善大型(xing)公(gong)(gong)共(gong)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)方(fang)案(an)公(gong)(gong)眾(zhong)參(can)與(yu)和(he)專家(jia)輔助(zhu)決(jue)策(ce)機(ji)制，在方(fang)案(an)評審(shen)(shen)中，重(zhong)視設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)方(fang)案(an)文(wen)化內涵審(shen)(shen)查。加強(qiang)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)人(ren)(ren)才隊伍建(jian)設(she)(she)，著力培養一批高層次創(chuang)新人(ren)(ren)才。開(kai)展設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)評優，激發(fa)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)的(de)創(chuang)作激情(qing)。探索研究(jiu)大型(xing)公(gong)(gong)共(gong)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)后評估制度(du)。


　　（十九）加大工(gong)(gong)(gong)程總(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)包推(tui)行(xing)力度。倡導工(gong)(gong)(gong)程建(jian)設項目采(cai)用工(gong)(gong)(gong)程總(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)包模式，鼓(gu)勵有(you)實力的工(gong)(gong)(gong)程設計和施工(gong)(gong)(gong)企業開(kai)展工(gong)(gong)(gong)程總(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)包業務。推(tui)動建(jian)立適合(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程總(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)包發展的招(zhao)標(biao)投標(biao)和工(gong)(gong)(gong)程建(jian)設管理機制，調整現(xian)行(xing)招(zhao)標(biao)投標(biao)、施工(gong)(gong)(gong)許可(ke)、現(xian)場執法檢查、竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)驗收(shou)備(bei)案等環(huan)節管理制度，為(wei)推(tui)行(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程總(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)包創造政(zheng)策環(huan)境。工(gong)(gong)(gong)程總(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)包合(he)同中涵蓋的設計、施工(gong)(gong)(gong)業務可(ke)以不(bu)再通過公開(kai)招(zhao)標(biao)方式確定分包單位。


　　（二十(shi)）提升建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑業(ye)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)能力。完善以(yi)工(gong)法和專有(you)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)成果(guo)、試點示(shi)范工(gong)程為抓手的技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)轉移與推(tui)(tui)廣(guang)機(ji)制，依法保護知識(shi)產權。積極推(tui)(tui)動以(yi)節能環保為特征的綠色建(jian)(jian)(jian)造(zao)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)的應用(yong)(yong)。推(tui)(tui)進(jin)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑信息模型（BIM）等信息技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)在(zai)工(gong)程設計、施工(gong)和運行維護全(quan)過程的應用(yong)(yong)，提高(gao)綜(zong)合效益(yi)。推(tui)(tui)廣(guang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)程減隔震技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)。探索開展白圖(tu)替代藍圖(tu)、數字(zi)化審圖(tu)等工(gong)作。建(jian)(jian)(jian)立技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)研究應用(yong)(yong)與標準制定(ding)有(you)效銜接的機(ji)制，促進(jin)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑業(ye)科技(ji)(ji)成果(guo)轉化，加(jia)(jia)快(kuai)先(xian)進(jin)適用(yong)(yong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)的推(tui)(tui)廣(guang)應用(yong)(yong)。加(jia)(jia)大復(fu)合型、創新型人(ren)才培(pei)養力度(du)。推(tui)(tui)動建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑領域國際技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)交流合作。


　　五(wu)、加(jia)強(qiang)建筑業發展和改革(ge)工(gong)作的組織(zhi)和實(shi)施


　　（二十一）加(jia)強組織領導。各地要高(gao)度(du)重(zhong)視建(jian)筑業發展(zhan)和(he)改革工(gong)作，加(jia)強領導、明確責任、統(tong)籌安排，研究制定工(gong)作方案(an)，不(bu)斷完善相關法規制度(du)，推(tui)進各項制度(du)措(cuo)施落實，及時解決發展(zhan)和(he)改革中(zhong)遇(yu)到的(de)困難和(he)問題，整體推(tui)進建(jian)筑業發展(zhan)和(he)改革的(de)不(bu)斷深化(hua)。


　　（二(er)十二(er)）積極開展試(shi)點(dian)。各地(di)(di)要結合本地(di)(di)實際組織開展相關試(shi)點(dian)工(gong)(gong)作，把試(shi)點(dian)工(gong)(gong)作與推(tui)動(dong)本地(di)(di)區工(gong)(gong)作結合起來，及時分析試(shi)點(dian)進展情況，認真總結試(shi)點(dian)經驗，研究解決試(shi)點(dian)中出現的問題，在(zai)條件成熟(shu)時向全國推(tui)廣。要加大(da)宣傳推(tui)動(dong)力度，調動(dong)全行(xing)業和社(she)會各方力量，共(gong)同推(tui)進建筑業的發展和改革。


　　（二十三）加(jia)強(qiang)協(xie)會能力(li)建(jian)設和行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)自律。充分發(fa)揮協(xie)會在(zai)規范行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)秩序、建(jian)立行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)從(cong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)人員行(xing)(xing)為準則、促(cu)進(jin)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)誠(cheng)信經營(ying)等(deng)方(fang)面的(de)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)自律作用(yong)，提(ti)高協(xie)會在(zai)促(cu)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)技術進(jin)步(bu)、提(ti)升行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)管(guan)理水平、反映企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)訴求、提(ti)出(chu)政策建(jian)議等(deng)方(fang)面的(de)服(fu)務能力(li)。鼓勵行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)協(xie)會研究制(zhi)定(ding)非政府投資工程咨詢服(fu)務類收費行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)參考(kao)價(jia)，抵制(zhi)惡意低(di)價(jia)、不合理低(di)價(jia)競爭行(xing)(xing)為，維護(hu)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展利(li)益。


 


　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　                                ;             中華人民(min)共和國(guo)住(zhu)房和城鄉(xiang)建設部(bu)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　                                         　2014年7月1日